What is the difference between Approved Document T and Approved Document M?
Approved Document T Overview
Approved Document T became effective on the 1st October 2024, is an addition to the Building Regulations 2010 to address toilet provisions in buildings other than domestic dwellings. Document T is an addition to Approved Document M both sets of guidance should be applied together.
Approved Doc T addresses questions raised around Unisex Washrooms, Executive Washrooms and Gender-Neutral Washrooms including the issue of female vulnerability.
Approved Document T aims to ensure that washroom provisions are inclusive and considerate of all users, regardless of ability, age or sex.
The four different Types of Approved Document T Toilet
Washrooms and Toilet Facilities in buildings must provide reasonable provisions for male and female single-sex toilets, intended for the exclusive use of persons of the same sex. Washbasins and hand-drying facilities should be either within the toilet cubicle or room or in a separate area intended for use only by persons of that sex.
If space constraints prevent the provision of two single-sex areas, universal toilets should be provided. Universal toilets are defined as fully enclosed rooms containing a Toilet, washbasin and hand-drying facilities, intended for individual use by persons of either sex. The available space will vary from building to building. Once reasonable provision has been made for single-sex washroom facilities, any remaining space can be considered for universal toilets.
There are four types of toilet accommodation suitable for meeting requirements of Approved Document T.
- Type A – Fully enclosed self-contained ambulant universal toilet.
- Type B – Fully enclosed self-contained Universal Toilet.
- Type C – Ambulant single-sex toilet cubicles (not self-contained)
- Type D – Single-sex toilet cubicle (not self-contained)
Type A and C – Ambulant Toilets
Ambulant Washrooms are suitable for use by ambulant disabled individuals, people with reduced mobility, or those who would benefit from a Larger Toilet Cubicle with Grab Rails, such as individuals with luggage, sports injuries or pregnant women. Where compliance with Part M does not impose a requirement, toilet provision can be either Type A or B for universal toilets or Type C or D for single-sex toilets.
Ambulant Toilets different from Adult Changing Places which require extra space for carers.
Ambulant washrooms, whether gender-neutral or single-sex, should be equipped with a horizontal closing bar on the inside face of the door which is preferably outward opening. The space within the room or cubicle should be increased to allow for easier movement. There should be a horizontal grab rail on both side walls of the toilet, each with a vertical grab rail set in an ‘L’ shape. Additionally, there should be a high visual contrast between the toilet pan seat, sanitaryware and grab rails to aid those with visual impairments.
In line with the guidance provided in Section 5 of Approved Document M, a wheelchair-accessible unisex toilet should always be provided if space does not allow for anything else. Single-sex toilets should then be the next suitable facility provided. Where space reasonably prevents single-sex toilets, then universal washrooms are the preferred.
Key Dimensions for Ambulant Toilets
Minimum overall dimensions: Type A universal toilet: 985mm x 2125mm, Type C single-sex toilet: 920mm x 1465mm
Minimum effective clear opening width: 750mm
Door Opening: outward opening
Minimum turning circle: 465mm
Minimum activity space in front of Toilet: 600mm deep x 800mm wide
Grab rails: 600mm length with 19-35mm diameter
Door closing bar: 500mm length with 19-35mm diameter
Type A - Ambulant Universal Toilet Cubicle Dimensions
Type C - Ambulant Single User Toilet Cubicle Dimensions
Type B – Universal Toilets
A Universal Toilet is also known as a Superloo or Executive Restroom and is a self-contained Toilet Room for private use, often more spacious than a standard Toilet with premium fittings, Towels and Toiletries. There should be no shared hand-washing facilities in circulation spaces outside the washrooms; all amenities should be contained within the room.
The room should offer complete privacy with floor-to-ceiling cubicles. Doors can open either inward or outward and should be accessible by avoiding passage through single-sex washrooms.
There are various design options for universal toilets, largely determined by the available space in the building. Superloo washrooms typically include a Toilet duct set and vanity unit running the depth of the room, with the potential for mirrorbox units to conceal accessories. Superloos can be designed within partition walls or with full height, privacy toilet cubicles, both of which create an enclosed room compliant with Approved Document T guidance.
For some spaces, a Toilet and Basin Combination Unit might be best suited to wider layouts. These can also be specified within partition walls or within a full height toilet cubicle.
It’s important to note that universal toilets are not designed to be wheelchair accessible, so suitable provisions must be made for users requiring accessible facilities.
Key Dimensions for Gender-Neutral Universal Toilets
Minimum overall dimensions: 1050x1685mm
Minimum effective clear opening width: 650mm
Door Opening: Self-closing, outward preferable
Minimum turning circle: 465mm
Minimum activity space in front of Toilet: 600mm wide x 800mm deep
Type B - Universal Toilet Cubicle Dimensions
Type D - Single-Sex Toilet Cubicles
Single-sex toilet cubicles are intended for the exclusive use of persons of the same sex. Washbasin and hand drying facilities can be provided in a communal area which is designated for use by only persons of that sex. Although full height is not a requirement with single-sex toilet cubicles, toilet cubicle heights should be considered to offer maximum privacy to users.
Urinals should only be provided in male single-sex toilets and should be separated by modesty screens. If multiple urinals are provided, at least one urinal should be at a lower height to accommodate different user needs.
Key Dimensions for Single-Sex Toilets
Minimum overall dimensions: 910x1740mm
Minimum effective clear opening width: 650mm
Door Opening: outward opening preferable as long as opening onto adequately sized shared hand wash facilities
Minimum turning circle: 465mm
Minimum activity space in front of Toilet: 600mm wide x 800mm deep
Type D - Single User Toilet Cubicle Dimensions
Common Design Provisions
Now you understand the 4 types of toilet accommodation in the Approved Document T and the differences between them we can now look at the common design features and accessories that should be provided in all 4 washroom designs.
Toilet Door Design and Locks
- Toilet doors should not obstruct any emergency escape routes or encroach on activity space within the cubicle.
- Toilet doors must be fitted with light action locks operable with a closed fist.
- Toilet doors must include an emergency release mechanism. Toilet cubicles should be fitted with a grooved indicator which can be slid with a pen or screwdriver to open and hinges are able to be set to allow for doors to be lifted off in case of emergency.
Washroom Accessories
Each toilet cubicle or room should include:
- Toilet paper dispenser.
- Space for a disposal bin, minimum 540mm x 210mm.
- A high hook at 1685mm above finished floor level.
- A low hook at 1050mm above finished floor level.
- A small shelf, 250mm x 150mm at 780-800mm above finished floor level.
Wayfinding and Signage
Clear and appropriate wayfinding signage should be provided. Standardised signage symbol should be used for universal toilets.
Visual Contrast and Lighting
Visual contrast should be maintained throughout the washroom:
- Between floor and wall junctions.
- Door and door openings.
- Lock bodies and faceplates with surface of the door.
- Furniture with surfaces.
Good lighting should be ensured for visibility through circulation spaces and within washrooms.
Commercial Washroom's standard colour range provides LRVs (Light Reflectance Values) with a recommended 30-point difference for suitable visual contrast.
Additional Considerations
- If using integrated panelling systems or vanity units, internal space may need to be increased to maintain adequate activity space and turning circle, as well as space for disposal bins and door swing.
- Baby change facilities should not be located within any of the four types of toilets specified unless it is the only sanitary facility provided in the building. For guidance on baby change facilities, refer to section 5 of Approved Document M.
Summary
Approved Document T emphasises the avoidance of communal hand washing and drying facilities shared by different sexes. This approach aims to uphold privacy, dignity and security for all washroom users.
Commercial Washroom’s products are designed to comply with Approved Document T while also prioritising innovative and visually appealing washroom designs. We maintain a commitment to style and overall aesthetic value, ensuring that our finished washrooms are both accessible and striking in appearance.
You can design your own Approved Doc M compliant room by visiting our Doc M Disabled Toilet Visualiser.
If you require help ensuring your next washroom project complies with Approved Document T, get in touch today sales@commercialwashroomsltd.co.uk or 01202 650900, alternatively fill out the contact form.
Need an estimate? Email us the dimensions and product requirements and we will provide a quotation within 48 hours. Our specification manager is also available to talk through the project in more detail and recommend suitable products from our range.
Summary
Approved Document T emphasises the avoidance of communal hand washing and drying facilities shared by different sexes. This approach aims to uphold privacy, dignity and security for all washroom users.
Commercial Washroom’s products are designed to comply with Approved Document T while also prioritising innovative and visually appealing washroom designs. We maintain a commitment to style and overall aesthetic value, ensuring that our finished washrooms are both accessible and striking in appearance.
You can design your own Doc M compliant room by visiting our Doc M Disabled Toilet Visualiser.
If you require help ensuring your next washroom project complies with Approved Document T, get in touch today sales@commercialwashroomsltd.co.uk or 01202 650900, alternatively fill out the contact form.
Need an estimate? Email us the dimensions and product requirements and we will provide a quotation within 48 hours. Our specification manager is also available to talk through the project in more detail and recommend suitable products from our range.
Approved Document T - Frequently Asked Questions
Which Washrooms does Approved Document T NOT Apply to?
This document does not apply to:
- Washrooms for schools – refer to the Department for Education Regulations & Education Act 1996.
- Residential rooms in care homes – refer to the Care Standards Act 2000.
- Premises used for early years – refer to section 20 of the Childcare Act 2006.
- Cellular accommodation in custodial facilities.
- Dwellings including Private Homes and Domestic Homes.
Which Buildings does Approved Document T affect?
- New non-residential buildings: This includes new offices, shops, public buildings, and other structures that require Building Regulations approval.
- Existing buildings with a material change of use: This applies when a building's function changes significantly, such as converting an office into a different public space.
What is the difference between Approved Document M and Approved Document T?
Document M provides general guidance on access and use of buildings, including basic principles for accessible sanitary facilities for disabled people in various buildings. Document T expands on Document M for new non-domestic buildings, offering detailed guidance on the layout and provision of toilets, showers and changing rooms for all users, with a focus on privacy, dignity, and safety
Is Approved Doc M a legal requirement?
Yes, Approved Document M (Doc M) is a legal requirement in England for new building developments to ensure accessibility requirements are met. It sets the minimum standards for the design and use of buildings, with a focus on making facilities accessible to all, including those with disabilities.
Is Approved Doc T a legal requirement?
Yes, Approved Doc T is a legal requirement in new builds and addresses questions raised around Unisex Washrooms, Executive Washrooms and Gender-Neutral Washrooms including the issue of female vulnerability.
What does Doc T stand for?
The "T" in Approved Document T stands for “Toilet accommodation”.
Which Buildings does Approved Document T affect?
new, non-residential buildings in England and existing buildings undergoing a material change of use.
The document does not apply to dwellings, schools, or specific facilities like cellular accommodation in custodial facilities and residential rooms in care homes.
What is the difference between Type A and Type C Document T Toilets?
Both Types refer to universal, or gender-neutral Washrooms but Type B refers specifically to fully enclosed self-contained universal toilets. Type C refers to Ambulant single-sex toilet cubicle (not self-contained).
Is Approved Document T and addition to Approved Document M?
Yes, Approved Document T is an addition to Approved Document M. Both sets of guidance should be applied together, especially for non-domestic buildings. Document M covers accessibility and ease of use for disabled individuals, while Document T provides updated technical guidance on the design and layout of gender-neutral toilet washrooms.
